2023高考热门素材：文明、和谐、友善
2023-05-15 10:41:45
2022年北京西城区高三二模英语试卷解析
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
本文以第一人称讲述了一位六个孩子的母亲，为了独自抚养孩子，必须出去工作。日子虽然过得艰难，但一些好心人匿名的帮助，使她感觉到天使在人间般的温暖。
I woke up one morningwithsix hungry kids and just 75 centsin my pocket. Their father was gone. Hehad never beenmuch more than apresence（that/which）they？1 （参考下文的beatings）. Now that既然he had decided to leave, there would be no more beatings（打孩子）, __2 no food either.
I washed the kids and then 3them into my old 51 (made in1951) Chevy（Chevrolet）雪佛兰牌汽车 and drove off to find a job.
I tried to4whoeverwould listen that I was willing to learn anything. I had to have a job.The last place we went to was the Big Wheel truck stop. They needed someone （to work））from 11 pm to 7 am. They paid $0.65 an hour and I could start immediately.
I called thebabysitter (保姆）and 5（与…讨价还价）with her. Wecame to an agreement—$1anight. So every morning I gave her $1 of my tip money— 6 half ofwhat I averaged every night每晚平均获得的小费总额!
As weeks went by, the tires轮胎 on my Chevy began to leak. One miserable morning,I ___7 （因为刚下班）myself tothe car and found four tires in the back seat. New tires! Had angels (天使) taken up residence来定居in Indiana? I 8 .
I was now working six nights instead of five and it still wasn’t enough.Christmas was coming and there was no money for toys. Clothes were a worry too.
On Christmas Eve the usual customers were drinking coffee in the Big Wheel. There were the truckers卡车司机, Les, Frank,and Jim. These 9 all just sat around and talked. When it was time for me to go home, I found severalboxes in my Chevy filled with little jeans, toys and an enormous turkey. Icould not believe my eyes!
I was cryingwithgratitude. And I will never forget the joy on the faces of my little ones that 10（特别难忘，所以说宝贵）morning.
Yes, there were angels in Indianathat long-ago December morning. And they allhung out（出没） at the Big Wheel truck stop.
| 1.A.ignored |
B.appreciated |
C. feared |
D.recognized |
| 2.A.so |
B.but |
C.because |
D.or |
| 3. A. loaded |
B.moved |
C.invited |
D.handed |
| 4.A.question |
B. teach |
C.consult |
D.convince |
| 5.A.argued |
B.bargained |
C.agreed |
D.planned |
| 6.A.only |
B.definitely |
C.fully |
D.clearly |
| 7.A.dragged |
B. rolled |
C.directed |
D.carried |
| 8. A. prayed |
B.concluded |
C.announced |
D.wondered |
| 9.A. visitors |
B.regulars常客 |
C.neighbors |
D.strangers |
| 10.A.comfortable |
B.satisfying |
C.precious |
D.educational |
第二节（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Humans like to live near rivers and they often find（固定搭配）11 themselves (they) needing to cross them.The simplest way across a river is to ford 涉水it. Fording is to find 12where（引导宾语从句）the river is shallow and crossitsafelywithoutusingaboat.Itmeans 13 pretending（固定搭配，非人称作主语mean后接doing ）(pretend) the river is not there, continuing （mean 的第二个宾语）towalk, and hoping（第三个）for the best. But sometimes even waterat shallow areascan be surprisingly dangerous, 14 which is because it’s not always easy totell判断how fast the water is moving.Itonly takes ankle-deep waterto sweep a person off their feet.
Sincelast month（时间）, more than half of America’s school districts 15 havere ported/ have been reporting (report)“severe” or “desperate” school bus driver shortages. Suffering like this makes them(？)thankful for people like Michael Mason. Driving a school bus isn’t Michael Mason’s first job; he used to work for the government. But unlike many retirees, Mason is not sitting home and relaxing.16 To lend (目的状语）(lend) a helping hand, he started a new job—a bus driver. Mason hopes to inspire others in the community. He says, “I believeifall of usgivea little something, we __17will make（主将从现）(make) a difference in the world.”
Once upon a time(时间状语), lighthouses主语, built(非谓语） to help guide ships away from dangerous rocks and reefs, were located18 （谓语） (locate)inwild, remote areas. Theywere consideredthe19 loneliest或themost lonely) (lonely）places in the world to live and work. Today, with automatic lightingthat can guide ships at sea,the lighthouse（抽象化）isa thing of the past. Still, many lighthousesthroughout the world have been preserved20asmuseums or important buildings（lighthouses与museums和buildings的外延相当，故介词用as(作为）. Some have even been turned into restaurants or hotels. They are places for people to visit and to go backin time 适时.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题 2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
应用文：一则推广面向“祖父母”人群的四款电子产品的广告。
（图片上的文字复制如下）
GRANDPARENTS WILL LOVE THESE GADGETS(23)
Grandparents deserve the finer things in life. Now it’s time to reward your loved ones with some great gifts（23）. To help family shoppers out, we’ve put together a list of gadgets（小器具） that won’t break the bank（cost you much）.These gifts for grandparentsmake everything more enjoyable. Money can’t buy happiness, but sometimes it can help promote your connection.
Price:32GB—$190(an additional $20 for the ad-freeversion)
002//FOR GRAND PARENTS WHO ARE FARAWAY
Being apart from children and grandchildren is difficult, butFilimin Friendship Lamps can ensure grandparents are never out of mind even if they’re out of sight（21）. Each family member connects the Friendship Lamp to Wi-Fi. It takes little effort to set up and use（22）.Keep one, give the other to grandparents, andwhenever you touch your lamp, theirs will light upt oo（21）.You can customize these lamps with over 200 color options.
Price:$105(10%discountifyoubuyonFilimin’swebsite)
Nothing beats a warm cup of coffee on a freezing winter morning, and the EmberTemperature Control Smart Mug keeps drinks at the perfect temperature no matter how long it takes grandma or grandpa to enjoy their coffee or tea. It hardly requires any complex steps to use（22）. The temperature can be controlled via smartphone app. Purchase it in our physical stores today.
Price: $99.95 ($180 for two)
Nothing is more frustrating than being ready to go somewhere important and being unable to find the car keys. Esky makes lost keys a thing of the past. Four receivers can be attached to grandparents’ most treasured items. By just pressing the color-coded button on the transmitter（22）, grandparents can be led to lost items by a beeping sound. You can order it on Amazon.
Price: $24.99 ($20 in May)
21.What information can we get from the advertisement?
A.The Ember Mug can keep drinks warm for a limited time.
B. It is impossible to skip advertisements while using Kindle Paperwhite.
C.Users know their family are thinking of them when the Friendship Lamp is on.
D.Clicking a button on the Esky receiver（receiver为错误信息，应该是tranmitter） enables users to find things they’ve lost.
22.What feature do the four products have in common?
A.Online availability. B. Easy operation.
C.Special discount.D.Smartphone control.
23.Who is this advertisement intended for?
A.Family members wanting to buy gifts for their elders.
B. Salespeople studying grandparents’preferences.
C. Companiessellingproductstoelderlypeople.
D.Grandparentsfavoringadvancedtechnology.
Years later, I was on my second teaching round in a Melbourne high school, and I was about 20 minutes into a year-11 Legal Studies class when a boy put up his hand and said, “Hey Miss, when are you going to start your speech?”
And I said, “What speech?”
And he said, “You know, like, your motivational speaking. You know, when people in wheel chairs come to school, they usually say, like, inspirational stuff. It’s usually in the big hall.”
And that was the moment I realized that this kid had only ever experienceddisabled people as objects (工具）of inspiration.
For lots of us, disabled people are not our teachers or our doctors. We’re not real people. We are there to inspire. Yeah, we’ve been sold the lie that disability is a bad thing, and to live with a disability makes youexceptional异常的.（25）
It’s not a bad thing, and itdoesn’t make you exceptional. And in the past fewyears, we’ve been able to spread this lie even further through social media.
Life as a disabled person is actually somewhat difficult. We do overcome somethings. But they have nothing to do with our bodies(26). I use the term “disabled people”purposely, because I subscribe to what’s called the social model of disability. This model tells us that we are more disabled by the society that we live in than by our bodies and our diagnoses (诊断)(26).
I want to live in a world where we don’t havesuchlow expectations of disabled people that we are congratulated for getting out of bed and remembering our own names in the morning. I want to live in a world where we value disabled people’s real achievement. And I want to live in aworld where a year-11 kid in a Melbourne high school is notone bitsurprised that his new teacher is a wheelchair user.
24. What can we learn from Stella Young in the first paragraph?
A. She couldn’t get along well with her friends and sisters.
B.Shepl ayed a key role at her mum’s hair-dressing salon.
C.She received anaward for a great achievement.
D.Shel ived an ordinary life in a countrytown.
25. What can we infer from the dialogue between Stella Young and the boy?
A. The boy didn’t have much life experience.
B. People havef ixed ideas about the disabled.
C. The disabled can’t find decent jobs because they are incapable.
D. Stella Young felt uncomfortable because of the boy’s impoliteness.
26. According to the passage, Stella Young may agree that .
A. social media offends the public by spreading lies about the disabled
B. the disabled are less likely to be successful in their careers
C. society’s attitude makes disabled people’s life difficult
D. people’s expectations of the disabled are too high
27. Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?
A. Onthejourneytobecomingexceptional
B. Thesecretbehindmydisability
C. Showsympathytothedisabled
D. I’mnot your inspiration
C
Music is a powerful thing.It awakens feelings and has the powerto bring people together. But today, artists are not known for their music, but for how flashy奢华的their clothingis and how many times their wealthy relatives can get them out of jail (监狱). And thus, their music is lost 迷失.
Pop and rap music has developed into a shallow, image-addicted迷恋形象的industry thatlines up with与…为伍 what the public wants to hear and see, removing the focus on the actual music. Mainstream主流的music is no longer composed of emotion, but instead, themes of money and fame（29）. Photos and rumors fly whilethe music isignored.
Not all musical groups or individual artists begin like this.Many of these artistsare original（28）and talented, but turn to the money side（29）. Often their songs are written by experts who know what is appealing to a certain age group, and the musicians’ faces can be seen on countless magazine covers. Soon their supposedly new and improved songs can be heard blasting out of car windows. But these songs are totally empty,lacking creativity and the original thirst of the artist to make an impact or convey (传递) a message（28/29）.
MTV is not helping. It plays only what the publicwants to hear. And unfortunately, the majority seems interested in eithersickly sweet甜腻得令人作呕,generic无商标的/粗制滥造的pop or stereotypical (刻板的), bleeped-out成噪音的rap. Kids and teens everywhere are swimming in these songs, which are often degrading对…贬低 to women and minorities, and inappropriate.
Almost all the girls in my dorm are addicted to the same songs. This was the case the previous year, and the year before that. Whenever I try to play music I enjoy, or introduce them to some decent正派/体面的 songs, they say that everyone except me likes their music.
Why do most teenagers only listen to pop and rap music when so many other types exist?（30）Maybe it’s because everywhere welook,weare bombarded with(被….轰炸)the same music: on the radio, on TV, on the computer. At school, pop and rap are discussed all the time. Perhaps they have never listened to anything else. Or maybepeer pressureis partof it (it?).
There is no solution to the “pop problem”. It’s called popular for a reason—many people enjoy it. There’s no easy way to change their views. My suggestion is not to buy music like this when you can explore something new (30).Expand yourhorizons.Digup your parents’ old records and CDs. You never know what you might find(30).
28. The author probably prefers________.
A. new pop songs meant for girls
B.original songs with deep meaning
C. catchy songs produced by popular singers
D.never-heard-before songs just recently discovered
29.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Many artists trade creativity for wealth and fame.
B. The public is responsible for the existence of music.
C. MTV promotes the songs favored by women and minorities.
D. Musicians singing about money is an ineffective way to attract fans.
30. What is most probably the author’s suggestion for young people?A. Try to respect yourpeers’music tastes.
B. Deal with the “pop problem” patiently.
C. Expose yourself to various music styles.
D. Treasure the music from previous generations.
Earth is constantly being disturbed by small pieces of debris (碎片), but they usually burn up or break up long before they hit the ground. Once in a while, however, something large enough to do significant damage makes impact. About 66 million years ago, one such crash is thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs. Someday, something similar could end human beings—unless we can find a way to tackle it.(31)
NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (Dart)双小行星重定向测试 mission is the first attempt totest if such asteroidredirection is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autonomously reach a target asteroid and intentionally crash into it, as well as measuringthe amount ofredirection. “If it works, it would be a big deal, because it would prove that we have the technical capability of protecting ourselves,” said JayTate, the director主任of the National Near Earth Object Information Center.
The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled to be launched at the target—the Didymos system—a harmless pair of asteroids consisting of a 163-metre “moonlet小卫星”asteroid called Dimorphos that orbits a larger 780-metre asteroid called Didymos (Greek for “twin”). The plan is to crash the spacecraft into Dimorphos（32） when the asteroid system is at its closest to Earth—about 6.8 million miles away.
About 10 days before impact, a miniaturized微型的 satellite called LiciaCube will separate from the main spacecraft, enabling images of the impact tobe relayed backto Earth（33）. Combined with observations from ground-based telescopes, and an onboardcamera that will record thefinal momentsbefore the crash, these recordings will enable scientists to calculate the degree to which the impact has changed Dimorphos’s orbit. The expectation is that it will change the speed of the smaller asteroid by approximately 1% and reduce its orbit around the larger asteroid.
Then, in November2024 ,the European Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft will visit the Didymos system and conduct a further close-up analysis of the consequences of this snooker(斯诺克) game, recording details such as the precise makeup and internal structure of Dimorphos, and the size and shape of the hole left by Dart. Such details are vital for transforming asteroid redirection into a repeatable technique.
Even then, it is impossible that any single redirection strategy would be enough（34）.“The problem is that no two asteroids or comets are alike, and how you redirect one depends on a huge number of variables（变量）. There is no silver bullet杀手锏/灵丹妙药in this game. What you need is a whole folder of一揽子different redirection methods for different types of targets,（34）”said Tate.
So, while this may be one small step towards planetary protection, many more are likely to be necessary to avoid destruction.
31.What is the purpose of Paragraph2?
A.To examine the impact of dinosaurs’extinction.
B.To explain the necessity of launching a spacecraft.
C.To show the damage caused by small pieces of debris.
D.To highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present.
32. Which of the following pictures illustrates the mission?
32.答案：D （通过第4-5两段获取相关信息）
Sending impact data back to Earth.
Calculating the length of Dimorphos’s orbit.
Helping the satellite separate from the spacecraft.
Recording the scientists’ ground-based observations.
34.What does the underlined sentence “There is no silver bullet in this game” mean?
There is no challenge too big to overcome.
There is no possibility to satisfy NASA’s needs.
.There is no single so lution to the complex problem.
D.There is no strategy to help make an obvious decision.
第二节（共 5小题；每小题2分，共 10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
人类看到某些东西感到恶心的感受在人类进化和人类维持健康方面的积极意义。但也是一把双刃剑。
Usually when someone is disgusted恶心的 by something, he feels it is unpleasant and stays away from it, so disgust mostly protects people from getting sick. However, getting a little dirty can have its advantages. Studies show that kids under age one who physically interact with a dog will have a 13% reduction in the likelihood of developingasthma哮喘, a breathing problem.
In the late 1860s, Charles Darwin proposed提出that being disgusted could have adevelopmental purpose发展的目的.35 FHe guessed that the early humans most likely to feel disgusted survived to pass on their genes (基因), while the more nutritionally daring died off.
36 D It wasn’tuntil the early1990s, a time when gameshows eagerly slimed（对…泼洒粘液）contestants选手, that disgust got more attention in psychological and behavioral research. Since then,scientists have identified different types of disgust and have explored how they affect the way we behave.
The research shows that Darwin was basically right:disgust is a major part of the behavioral immune system that protects people from disease, a collection of actions influenced by some of the most natural reactions that keep our bodies in superior condition. We already know that not all germs(病菌) are bad for us. 37 A Science also tells us that getting a bit dirty helps people more readily fight disease.
G 39Disgust is part of society’s balance. Too little, and we might get sick.Too much of it can harm our health. Figuring out this complex problemcould help researchers understanda variety of human behaviors.
A. They work with our body to maintain a balance.
B. They were quite certain that being disgusted could benefit people.
C. Nobody is quite sure whether disgust is a positive or negative thing.
D. For many years afterward, though, scientists didn’t pay much attention to disgust.
E.What he means is that it’s also associated with dislike for unfamiliart hings, like food.
F. Disgust became advanced to prevent our ancestors from eating spoiled food that might kill them.
G. Researchers across fields continue to explore disgust so we can better understand our world and ourselves.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共 4小题；第 40、41题各 2分，第 42题 3分，第 43题 5分， 共 12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
简介一项关于能否轻易单方面终止与他人的对话的研究。
A new study asks the question: Do conversations end when people want them to?
The answer is no.
Thestudyincludedtwoparts.
The first part was an online survey that asked 806 people whether there was a moment recently they had wanted to end a conversation with a close friend and to estimate when that moment was in relation to when the talk reached its conclusion.The second part involved 252 people paired up with strangers in a lab to chat about whatever they felt like foranywhere between one and 45 minutes.
67 percent of the respondents in the first part of the study said they wanted the conversation to end before it actually did, and most had secretly wished the chat had been either 50 percent longer or 50 percent shorter than it was.
“Whateveryou think the other person wants, you maywellbe wrong,” says Adam Mastroianni, a psychology researcher at Harvard University and the study’s lead author. “So you might as well leave when it seems appropriate, because it’s better to be left wanting more than less.”
In the second part of the study, nearly 70 percent of the people reported wanting the conversation to be over before it ended. Just two percent of the conversationswrapped up（ended）at a time both people were happy with, and 30 percent of them ended whenone of the parties(其中一方) wanted.
The researchers also asked study participants to guess when their conversational partners had wanted to stop talking. Those guesses were wrong, either over or underestimating the other person’s desire to continue the talk, by about 64 percent of the conversation’s actual length.
Taken together, the results suggest that we aren’t very skilled at estimating each others’ desires about when to end a conversation.
Thalia Wheatley, a social psychologist at Dartmouth College says the findings are important,adding thatconversations are “an elegant expression of joint cooperation.” (对话是一种一起合作的优雅表达) However, she says, “It all falls apart (崩溃；瓦解)at the end because we just can’t figure out when to stop.”
Mastroianni says his takeaway is that trying to guess what someone you’rechattingwithwants is almost pointless (meaningless).“You really have no idea when the other person wants to go. So maybe, stop trying and just relax and enjoyt he conversation.”
40.Wherewerethetwopartsofthestudycarriedout?
41.In what way were theparticipants’guesses wrongin thesecondpart ofthestudy?
42. Please decide which partis false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
? It’s easy to find a propert ime to end a conversation with a close friend.
43. If you desire to end a conversation, would you tell the other person directly?Why or why not?(In about 40 words)
第二节（20分） 建议从答案中找到范文学习一下。
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校将在暑期举办英语夏令营活动,正在招募外籍志愿者担任助教。请给你的英国朋友 Jim写封邮件,希望他参加招募，内容包括：
1.夏令营相关信息；
2.外籍助教的职责。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Yours,
LiHua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）